基于宇宙量子算法的微小零件尺寸检测

通过建立主、从式宇宙空间结构改善了量子算法的运行效率,非正交二次B样条小波和最小二乘小波支持向量回归机对零件边缘进行检测,给出了微小零件尺寸检测流程。试验仿真显示该算法对微小零件尺寸测量数据波动范围较小,方差值相比其他方法值较低,其中UQ算法测量的外轮直径测量方差值比HI、MM、AIT、IF、IGR算法分别减少了75.29%,78.40%,64.47%,60.95%,52.15%;UQ算法测量的内轮直径测量方差值比HI、MM、AIT、IF、IGR算法分别减少了72.89%,76.75%,62.66%,59.22%,50.13%,提高了微小零件的精度测量。     

基于博弈分析的流域水资源配置

针对传统规划方法难以体现水资源配置过程中多种复杂因素的问题,基于博弈理论建立宏观调控和市场经济相结合的水资源配置动态博弈模型,求解其子博弈精炼纳什均衡下各博弈参与人的策略,并运用改进量子遗传算法求解该博弈模型。对A河流域水资源配置结果表明,在保证流域公共生态用水2.0×10~8 m~3的基础上,各用水子区自发约束自身的取水量,达到均衡时,社会总收益为11.27亿元,相比自由取水模型,社会总收益增加了0.95亿元,增幅为9.2%。     

Theoretical and experimental studies of a new aniline derivative corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in acid medium

4-Chloro-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aniline (CPYA) was synthesized by a simple and inexpensive method and tested as a corrosion inhibitor in acid medium for mild steel by using gravimetric studies and electrochemical measurements. An average maximum efficiency of 96.0% was achieved at 4.59 mmol/L. Corrosion kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also analyzed. Surface analyses (atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy) show that protection is enabled by adsorption on the metal, forming a film. Quantum chemical calculations were performed to access information regarding the molecular structure in the corrosive medium and to support interpretation of the results obtained by experimental methods.     

Preparation of molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor based on carbon quantum dots via precipitation polymerization for fluorescence detection of tetracycline

A facile and effective method was proposed to prepare the molecularly imprinted fluorescence sensor with carbon quantum dots, which were modified vinyl groups by acrylic acid on the surface. The obtained fluorescence composite material was investigated by transmission electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectra. After the experimental conditions were optimized, a linear range of 1.0–60 μmol L⁻¹ was obtained and the detection limit was 0.17 μmol L⁻¹. The novel fluorescence sensor can be successfully used to detect tetracycline in real samples. This study provides a convenient strategy for selective recognition and rapid detection of tetracycline in the complex environment.     

A low-cost platinum-free electrocatalyst based on carbon quantum dots decorated Ni–Cu hierarchical nanocomposites for hydrogen evolution reaction

The effective Ni–Cu bimetallic nanocomposite was deposited on a glassy carbon electrode, GCE, that modified with carbon quantum dots, CQDs. The deposition process was done by one-step and controllable electrochemical method in an electrolyte of nickel and copper sulfate. The structural properties of composite studied by techniques such as X-ray diffraction, XRD, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, EDX, field emission scanning electron microscopy, FESEM, and transmission electron microscopy, TEM. Ni–Cu/RCQDs nanocomposite was applied as a cathode for catalysis of hydrogen evolution reaction, HER, in acidic media by cyclic voltammetry, CV, linear sweep voltammetry, LSV, chronoamperometry, CA, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS. The onset potential, E_onset, for the evolution of hydrogen at the current density of −10 mA cm⁻² for Ni–Cu/RCQDs was −230 mV vs. SHE that had a 100 mV shift to positive voltages in comparison with Ni–Cu catalyst. It can be related to the synergistic effect between metallic nanoparticles. V. dec⁻¹, respectively.     

基于量子线路逻辑运算的单光子量子态测量方案

在量子探测领域,关键任务之一就是要对未知量子态进行测量以获取量子态信息。通过将量子计算中的量子门所组成的量子线路应用于量子探测领域,提出实现单光子未知量子态的测量方案。利用量子计算的叠加性、纠缠性、可纠错性以及量子线路的可集成性,可以使得探测更具高效性并简化探测的实验系统。利用本文提出的探测新方案,通过仿真计算对该方案进行了模拟。在该方案的理论计算与仿真模拟结果的基础上,得到了以下的结论:通过在不同信噪比等参数的条件下选择适当的测量次数,基于量子线路的方案可以得到较为精确的测量结果。     

Dynamic Passivation in Perovskite Quantum Dots for Specific Ammonia Detection at Room Temperature

Perovskite structured CsPbX₃ (X = Cl, Br, or I) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted considerable interest in the past few years due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. Surface passivation is one of the main pathways to optimize the optoelectrical performance of perovskite QDs, in which the amino group plays an important role for the corresponding interaction between lead and halide. In this work, it is found that ammonia gas could dramatically increase photoluminescence of purified QDs and effectively passivate surface defects of perovskite QDs introduced during purification, which is a reversible process. This phenomenon makes perovskite QDs a kind of ideal candidate for detection of ammonia gas at room temperature. This QD film sensor displays specific recognition behavior toward ammonia gas due to its significant fluorescence enhancement, while depressed luminescence in case of other gases. The sensor, in turn‐on mode, shows a wide detection range from 25 to 350 ppm with a limit of detection as low as 8.85 ppm. Meanwhile, a fast response time of ≈10 s is achieved, and the recovery time is ≈30 s. The fully reversible, high sensitivity and selectivity characteristics make CsPbBr₃ QDs ideal active materials for room‐temperature ammonia sensing.     

A short guide to topological terms in the effective theories of condensed matter

This article is meant as a gentle introduction to the topological terms that often play a decisive role in effective theories describing topological quantum effects in condensed matter systems. We first take up several prominent examples, mainly from the area of quantum magnetism and superfluids/superconductors. We then briefly discuss how these ideas are now finding incarnations in the studies of symmetry-protected topological phases, which are in a sense a generalization of the concept of topological insulators to a wider range of materials, including magnets and cold atoms.     

On‐the‐Spot Immobilization of Quantum Dots,Graphene Oxide,and Proteins via Hydrophobins

Class I hydrophobin Vmh2, a peculiar surface active and versatile fungal protein, is known to self‐assemble into chemically stable amphiphilic films, to be able to change wettability of surfaces, and to strongly adsorb other proteins. Herein, a fast, highly homogeneous and efficient glass functionalization by spontaneous self‐assembling of Vmh2 at liquid–solid interfaces is achieved (in 2 min). The Vmh2‐coated glass slides are proven to immobilize not only proteins but also nanomaterials such as graphene oxide (GO) and quantum dots (QDs). As models, bovine serum albumin labeled with Alexa 555 fluorophore, anti‐immunoglobulin G antibodies, and cadmium telluride QDs are patterned in a microarray fashion in order to demonstrate functionality, reproducibility, and versatility of the proposed substrate. Additionally, a GO layer is effectively and homogeneously self‐assembled onto the studied functionalized surface. This approach offers a quick and simple alternative to immobilize nanomaterials and proteins, which is appealing for new bioanalytical and nanobioenabled applications.